Diwali, known as the Festival of Lights, is a cherished celebration that holds immense cultural and spiritual value in India and among communities worldwide. It is observed by millions, making it one of the most prominent holidays in India. Diwali marks the triumph of light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance, embodying values that resonate deeply with many.
The term “Diwali” or “Dipawali” comes from the Sanskrit words “avali” (row) and “deepa” (clay lamps), translating to “a row of lights.” This tradition is reflected in the beautiful practice of lighting oil lamps, or divas, outside homes to illuminate the night and ward off darkness. These lights symbolize inner strength and the hope that good will prevail.
In 2024, Diwali begins on Tuesday, October 29, and concludes on Sunday, November 3, spanning five days of unique observances. Each day holds special significance:
- October 29 (Tuesday): Dhanteras – The festival begins with Dhanteras, a day associated with prosperity and good fortune. It is customary for people to clean their homes, purchase new items (often metals or kitchenware), and prepare for the days ahead.
- October 30 (Wednesday): Choti Diwali (Naraka Chaturdashi) – This day is marked by rituals that symbolize the defeat of the demon Narakasura by Lord Krishna. People prepare traditional sweets and light lamps to ward off darkness, setting the stage for the main celebration.
- October 31 (Thursday): Diwali (Lakshmi Puja) – The main day of Diwali involves prayers to Goddess Lakshmi, the deity of wealth and prosperity. Homes and streets are illuminated with rows of lamps, creating a mesmerizing glow that represents the victory of light over darkness. Families gather to share meals, exchange gifts, and enjoy fireworks, making it a joyous occasion.
- November 1 (Friday): Govardhan Puja – This day commemorates Lord Krishna’s act of lifting Mount Govardhan to protect the people of Vrindavan from torrential rains, symbolizing devotion and faith. Special prayers and offerings are made as part of the observance.
- November 3 (Sunday): Bhai Dooj – The festival concludes with Bhai Dooj, a celebration of the bond between brothers and sisters. Siblings exchange gifts, share meals, and strengthen their relationships through this meaningful tradition.
The preparations for Diwali start well in advance, with households undergoing thorough cleaning and decorative renovations. This period of renewal is believed to usher in prosperity and happiness. The festival is characterized by an array of traditions: colorful rangoli designs adorn floors, families light candles and oil lamps, and children delight in sparklers and firecrackers. The streets and homes come alive with light, symbolizing hope and positivity.
Diwali extends beyond Hindu communities, as Jains and Sikhs also partake in the festivities for their own reasons. For Jains, Diwali marks the day Lord Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, attained Moksha (liberation). Sikhs commemorate the release of Guru Hargobind Singh from prison in 1619, a day now associated with Diwali celebrations, although their observance dates back even earlier.
Throughout the five days, acts of kindness and charity are encouraged, reinforcing the festival’s deeper meaning. Diwali is a time for reflection, celebration, and connection, where loved ones come together to share in the joy and hope the festival brings. The glowing lamps, festive gatherings, and shared meals all contribute to a profound sense of unity and renewal.
Diwali is more than just a holiday; it is a celebration of resilience, family bonds, and the enduring belief that light will always overcome darkness.
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