This year, the United States is set to witness an extraordinary natural phenomenon: the simultaneous emergence of two major cicada broods for the first time in over two centuries. This event, which last occurred in 1803, will see billions, possibly trillions, of cicadas from Broods XIII and XIX, emerge in a rare overlap, creating a spectacular display of nature’s cyclical rhythms.
A Historic Convergence
The last recorded simultaneous emergence of these broods dates back to the early 19th century, when Thomas Jefferson was the U.S. president. This year’s dual emergence, not expected to recur for another 221 years, is particularly notable due to the geographic adjacency of the two broods. Brood XIII, also known as the Northern Illinois Brood, aligns with Brood XIX, the Great Southern Brood, in a phenomenon experts describe as a once-in-a-lifetime event.
The Life Cycle of Cicadas
Cicadas have one of the longest known insect life cycles, spending most of their lives underground in nymph form, emerging every 13 or 17 years for a brief adult existence. This year, the Great Southern Brood, on a 13-year cycle, will overlap with the Northern Illinois Brood, which appears every 17 years. This dual emergence is expected to result in more than a trillion cicadas appearing across roughly 16 states, particularly concentrated in forested and urban green spaces.
A Spectacle and a Nuisance
The emergence of cicadas is likened to a “spectacular, macabre Mardi Gras,” as these red-eyed insects surface in late April and continue through June. After molting, the males commence a buzzing chorus in search of mates, creating a sound that can rival the loudness of a plane. While fascinating, the sheer number of cicadas can also present a nuisance, with their deafening calls and the litter of carcasses they leave behind. Urban areas are expected to see considerable impacts, with cicadas ending up on sidewalks and streets, potentially creating slick conditions.
The Scientific Significance
This event offers a unique opportunity for scientists to study the cicadas’ life cycle, behavior, and potential for genetic crossing between the two broods. The overlap in northern Illinois might even lead to the emergence of a new brood, an extremely rare occurrence in the natural world. This year’s emergence will provide valuable insights into the ecological role and evolutionary dynamics of these fascinating insects.
Preparing for the Emergence
Residents in affected states, spanning from Virginia to Illinois, are advised to prepare for the arrival of the cicadas. While they pose no direct threat to humans or animals, their large numbers can be overwhelming. Homeowners should be aware of potential damage to young trees and plants, as female cicadas lay eggs in small branches.
Conclusion
The 2024 cicada emergence is more than just a natural spectacle; it’s a reminder of the intricate cycles of nature and the enduring mysteries of the insect world. As billions of cicadas prepare to take over parts of the U.S., this event invites both awe and scientific curiosity, offering a rare glimpse into one of nature’s most fascinating phenomena.
Image is in the public domain in the United States.
